Laser refers to the light generated by stimulated radiation of matter. Laser has good monochromaticity, coherence and directionality, and its characteristics are expressed by wavelength (λ) or frequency. According to different wavelengths, lasers can be divided into: infrared lasers, visible lasers, and ultraviolet lasers.

Compared with ordinary light sources, lasers have excellent characteristics such as high brightness and high directionality. They have become a new technology and means, and are widely used in many fields such as communications, industrial processing, military weapons, and medical treatment.

Laser is a device that generates and outputs laser. According to the different types of laser working materials, lasers can be divided into gas lasers, liquid lasers, solid lasers, semiconductor lasers, etc.; according to the different wavelengths, they can generally be divided into infrared lasers, visible light lasers and ultraviolet lasers; according to the different pulse widths, they can be divided into millisecond lasers (10-3 seconds), microsecond lasers (10-6 seconds), nanosecond lasers (10-9 seconds), picosecond lasers (10-12 seconds), femtosecond lasers (10-15 seconds); according to the different output powers, they can be divided into high-power lasers (above 1000W), medium-power lasers (100W-1000W), low-power lasers (below 100W), etc.

Ultrafast lasers represented by picosecond and femtosecond lasers have the characteristics of extremely short laser pulses (pulse duration is only a few picoseconds or femtoseconds) and extremely high peak power. They have unique ultra-fine and heat-free excellent properties for material processing.

"Ultra-fine" processing - ultrafast lasers can focus on ultra-fine spatial areas, and have extremely high peak power and extremely short laser pulses. During processing, the cut surface is neat, there is no heat diffusion, no micro-cracks and metallurgical defects, and the processing will not affect the surrounding materials in the space involved, thus achieving ultra-fine processing.

"No heat impact" in processing - When traditional lasers with pulse duration greater than 10ps interact with materials, the thermal process will play a major role. Ultrafast lasers with pulse duration less than 10ps, because the pulse duration is only picoseconds and femtoseconds, far less than the energy release time of excited electrons in the material through transfer and conversion, the energy has not been released in time and the pulse has ended, avoiding energy transfer, conversion, and the existence and heat diffusion of heat, and realizing the true meaning of laser "cold" processing.

Ultrafast lasers have a wide range of industrial applications. With the development of new applications such as consumer electronics, new displays, biomedicine, 3D printing, and high-end equipment, the requirements for laser processing precision are getting higher and higher. Ultrafast lasers have become an important direction for precision processing. Laser companies at home and abroad have laid out the laser/ultrafast laser equipment market. In the core ultrafast laser market, foreign companies are currently dominant, represented by Coherent, Spectral Physics, Trumpf, NKT, EKSPLA, Lihgt Conwersion, Lumentum, EdgeWave, AMPlitude and other companies. Domestic companies such as Han's Laser, Huari Laser, Anyang Laser, Hongtuo New Technology, Shengxiong Laser, Bellin Laser, and Zhuole Laser are vigorously promoting the industrialization of technology, and have achieved rapid development in the ultrafast laser equipment, laser precision processing, laser technology research and development, technology application and product production.

In 2015, Zhuole Laser and the Chinese Academy of Sciences established a strategic partnership, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences will provide Zhuole Laser with continuous technical support and development momentum. Following the successful development of medical Alice and industrial Blazer picosecond lasers in 2016, the GRAVER series of 30-watt green nanosecond lasers was also developed in 2017. The main features of this new laser are narrow pulse width and high power. The industrial-grade high-power picosecond lasers used for precision micromachining and the high-energy nanosecond pulse lasers used for material modification have reached the top level in China. They have been widely used in the fields of cutting brittle materials such as glass, metal micromachining, laser shock strengthening, etc.